Pythonで学ぶ分類の基礎：Softmaxとk近傍法

import math
from collections import Counter

# Softmax turns raw scores into probabilities that add up to 1.
def softmax(scores):
    exps = [math.exp(s - max(scores)) for s in scores]
    total = sum(exps)
    return [e / total for e in exps]

probs = softmax([2.0, 1.0, 0.1])
print("softmax:", [round(p, 3) for p in probs])
# Cross-entropy is small when the true class gets a high probability.
print("cross-entropy if class 0 is right:", round(-math.log(probs[0]), 3))

# k-nearest neighbours: label a point by a vote of the closest examples.
examples = [((1, 1), "cat"), ((1, 2), "cat"), ((5, 5), "dog"), ((6, 5), "dog"), ((5, 6), "dog")]
def knn(point, k=3):
    nearest = sorted(examples, key=lambda e: math.dist(point, e[0]))[:k]
    return Counter(label for _, label in nearest).most_common(1)[0][0]

print("(2, 1) ->", knn((2, 1)))
print("(5, 4) ->", knn((5, 4)))